ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the Chinese culture oriented palliative care content for people with heart failure. Methods After a comprehensive literature review and expert interviews, two-round expert consultation was conducted to confirm the Chinese culture oriented palliative care content indicators for people with heart failure. Results A scientific literature review was performed and finally 102 articles were included.Totally 13 experts were interviewed and 525 meaning units were identified in the interviews.The Chinese culture oriented palliative care content for people with heart failure contained 4 first-grade indicators,10 second-grade indicators and 42 third-grade indicators.The expert′s enthusiasm of the two rounds of expert consultation were both 100%,the authoritative coefficient were 0.82 and 0.83, the coordination coefficient of Kendall′s W were 0.14 to 0.40 (P<0.01). Conclusions The Chinese culture oriented palliative care content for people with heart failure contributes to the development of new models for integrated heart failure care and palliative care which set with Chinese culture.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the nursing experts' perspectives on evaluation index and evaluation mode of core competence of postgraduate in Master of Nursing Specialist (MNS).Methods The evaluation indexes as well as the evaluation modes of core competences of postgraduates in MNS were summed up on the basis of the national relevant policies,site investigation and literature analysis.From February 2017 to April 2017,online survey was carried out in experts with experience of cultivating MNS using convenience sampling.Results A total of 85 nursing experts completed the questionnaires.The results showed that the importance scores of 5 first-class,and 17 second-class indexes of the core competences were higher than 4.5.The top three evaluation modes were:Mini Clinical Evaluation Exercise,Objective Structure Clinical Examination and Nursing Ward Round.It was suggested that the clinical nursing competence and the ethical decision-making were mainly evaluated at the examination of clinical ability,the clinical research and education ability were mainly evaluated at the end of the course,and the nursing management ability was mainly assessed during the clinical study.Besides,the evaluations of the clinical nursing competence,the ethical decision-making competence and the nursing management ability were largely relying on clinical teachers,the clinical research and the education ability were mainly relying on supervisor group.Conclusion This research reaches consensus on the evaluation indlicators and the relative evaluation modes for the core competences of postgraduates in MNS,and can provide references for evaluation of MNS in China.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the histological changes of lamina extema cranii at both the graft and donor areas after having been grafted in animal experiment. Methods; 4 mini pigs aged from 8 to 12 months were selected. Part of the outer table of skull (2.5 cm × 1.0 cm) was decorticated and was divided equally. Both were implanted on each side of the snouts of animals. 2 pigs were selected randomly and were killed 12 weeks postoperation. Each 1, 0 cm ×0. 5 cm specimen was harvested and histological study was performed. The other 2 animals were killed 24 weeks after operation. Gross inspection of the donor site was performed and histological study was done. Results; In the graft area; bone absorption was obvious 12 weeks postoperation, but bone matrix increased obviously at 24 weeks postoperation. Results of scanning electron microscope showed that interface between bone graft and recipient site was discernment and collagen type I was malaligned 12 weeks postoperation. Collagen fibers were in good order and good mineralization was found 24 weeks postoperation. In the donor area; small amounts of new bone formation could be seen and alignment of cemental line was chaotic 12 weeks postoperation. At 24 weeks, bone formation was obvious and alignment of haversian canal was regular. Scanning electron microscopy showed that structure of the tissue was uneven and disorder at 12 weeks postoperation. Collagen fibers were in good order and good mineralization was found 24 weeks postoperation. On gross view, raw surface of the donor site got complete healing, os-teanagenesis was incomplete and introcession could be observed in the local area. Conclusion; Histological remodeling of lamina exter-na cranii is complete at 24 weeks after having been grafted. The donor site can regenerate but morphologic introcession could be observed.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical characters and treatments of maxillofacial fractures.@*METHOD@#A review of 101 maxillofacial fractures was presented with respect to age, sex, cause of fractures, pattern of fractures, treatments and therapeutic effect.@*RESULT@#The majority of fractures were found in 20-to-50-year-old males. Most fractures happened in summer and the leading causes were traffic accidents. Mandible was the most part of fractures and associated combined injures were found in 31 cases. Rigid internal fixation was the primary treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#Maxillofacial fractures mainly occurred in young adult males and traffic accidents were the main causes. Rigid internal fixation after exact replacement was the primary common treatment.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Maxillary Fractures , General Surgery , Maxillofacial Injuries , General Surgery , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the clinical characters and treatments of maxillofacial fractures. Method: A review of 101 maxillofacial fractures was presented with respect to age, sex, cause of fractures, pattern of fractures, treatments and therapeutic effect. Result:The majority of fractures were found in 20-to-50-years-old males. Most fractures happened in summer and the leading causes were traffic accidents. Mandible was the most part of fractures and associated combined injures were found in 31 cases. Rigid internal fixation was the primary treatment. Conclusion:Maxillofacial factures mainly occurred in young adult males and traffic accidents were the main causes. Rigid internal fixation after exact replacement was the primary common treatment.